Federal Structure: The U.S. is composed of 50 states, each with its own government. Powers are divided between the federal government and state governments according to the Constitution.
Branches of Government:
Executive Branch: Headed by the President, who is both the head of state and government. The President enforces laws, directs foreign policy, and serves as commander-in-chief of the military. The executive branch also includes the Vice President and the President's Cabinet.
Legislative Branch: Known as Congress, it is bicameral, consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members (two from each state) serving six-year terms, while the House has 435 members apportioned by population, serving two-year terms. Congress is responsible for making laws, controlling federal spending, and overseeing the executive branch.