1793 – The Louvre Museum opened to the public in Paris, transforming a former royal palace into one of the world’s most famous art museums.

1864 – Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as President of the United States during the Civil War, defeating Democratic challenger George McClellan.

1889 – Montana became the 41st state to join the United States.

1895 – Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with electrical discharges, revolutionizing medical diagnostics and earning him the first Nobel Prize in Physics.

1923 – Adolf Hitler attempted the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, a failed coup to overthrow the Weimar government, which ultimately led to his imprisonment and the writing of Mein Kampf.

1960 – John F. Kennedy was elected as the 35th President of the United States, defeating Vice President Richard Nixon in one of the closest elections in U.S. history.

1988 – George H W Bush was elected President of the United States, succeeding Ronald Reagan and continuing the conservative political era.

2016 – Donald Trump won the U.S. presidential election, defeating former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, marking a historic upset and one of the most controversial elections in modern U S history.