LDAP injection is a security vulnerability that occurs when untrusted user input is incorporated into LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) queries without proper validation or sanitization. LDAP injection attacks are similar to other injection attacks, such as SQL injection, where attackers manipulate input fields to execute unintended commands or gain unauthorized access to the system.

Attackers exploit LDAP injection by inserting malicious LDAP code into input fields intended for querying a directory service. If the application fails to properly sanitize or validate user inputs, an attacker can manipulate these inputs to alter the behavior of LDAP queries. This can lead to various security risks, including:

Unauthorized access: Attackers may bypass authentication mechanisms or gain access to sensitive information stored in the LDAP directory.

Data manipulation: Injected LDAP queries can modify, delete, or manipulate data within the directory.

Denial of Service (DoS): Attackers can perform queries that consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service by overloading the system.

To mitigate LDAP injection vulnerabilities, developers should implement secure coding practices such as:

Input validation: Validate and sanitize user inputs to prevent special characters or escape sequences from being interpreted as part of the LDAP query.
Parameterized queries: Use parameterized queries or prepared statements to separate data from the LDAP query structure.
Least privilege principle: Limit the permissions and access rights of the application's LDAP service account to reduce the impact of a potential injection attack.
Regular security assessments and code reviews can help identify and fix LDAP injection vulnerabilities before they are exploited by malicious actors.

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