The Sumatran tiger (Latin: Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a subspecies of tiger whose natural habitat is on the island of Sumatra, and is one of six tiger subspecies that still survive to this day and is included in the classification of critically endangered species on the red list. threatened species released by the IUCN World Conservation Society. The wild population is estimated to be between 400-500 individuals, mainly living in national parks in Sumatra. Recent genetic testing has revealed unique genetic markers, which suggest that this subspecies may evolve into a separate species, if it is managed to survive.

Habitat destruction is the greatest threat to current populations. Logging continues even in national parks that should be protected. A record 66 Sumatran tigers were killed between 1998 and 2000.

In 2017, the Cat Specialist Group's Cat Classification Task Force revised the cat's taxonomy so that the living and extinct tiger population in Indonesia is now classified as P. t. Sumatra.

Origin
Tigers are believed to be descended from ancient predatory animals known as Miacids. Miacids lived in the late Cretaceous about 70-65 million years ago during the dinosaur age in West Asia (Andrew Kitchener, “The Natural History of Wild Cats”). The tiger then developed in eastern Asia in China and Siberia before splitting in two, one of which moved towards the forests of Central Asia in the west and southwest to become the Caspian tiger. Some of them move from Central Asia to the western mountainous regions, and so on to Southeast Asia and the Indonesian archipelago, some of them continue to move westward to India.

Characteristic features
The Sumatran tiger is the smallest tiger subspecies.[4] The Sumatran tiger has the darkest color among all other tiger subspecies, the black pattern is wide and sometimes closely spaced together. The male Sumatran tiger has an average length of 92 inches from head to foot or about 250 cm from head to toe and weighs 300 pounds or about 140 kg, while the height of an adult male can reach 60 cm. The average female has a length of 78 inches or about 198 cm and weighs 200 pounds or about 91 kg. Sumatran tiger stripes are thinner than other tiger subspecies. Sumatran tiger skin color is the darkest of all tigers, ranging from reddish yellow to dark orange. This subspecies also has more beards and manes than other subspecies, especially male tigers. Its small size makes it easy to explore the jungle. There are membranes between their fingers that make them able to swim fast. These tigers are known to corner their prey into the water, especially when the prey is slow to swim. Her fur turns dark green when she gives birth.

Habitat
The Sumatran tiger is only found on the island of Sumatra. These big cats can live anywhere, from lowland forests to mountain forests, and live in many unprotected places. Only about 400 live in nature reserves and national parks, with the remainder scattered in other areas cleared for agriculture, and there are about 250 more kept in zoos around the world. Sumatran tigers face the threat of habitat loss because their distribution areas such as lowland forest blocks, peatlands and mountainous rainforests are threatened by forest clearing for agricultural land and commercial plantations, as well as encroachment by logging activities and road construction. Due to the increasingly narrow and diminishing habitat, tigers are forced to enter areas closer to humans, and often they are killed and captured because they stray into rural areas or as a result of accidental encounters with humans.

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