Aristotle's theory of the four causes provides an understanding of causality and relationships between events. The four causes are:
1. **Material Cause**: The substance or materials that constitute an object.
2. **Formal Cause**: The essential characteristics and design of an object.
3. **Efficient Cause**: The agent or process that brings about an event.
4. **Final Cause**: The purpose or goal behind the occurrence of an event.
These four causes help better analyze causal relationships in various situations, offering different perspectives to grasp the deeper reasons behind events and their connections.